Member Firm Refuses to Produce Settlement Agreement in FINRA Expungement Arbitration

May 20, 2019

In today's featured FINRA intra-industry arbitration, we are asked to consider the circumstance of a settlement agreement and its impact upon an associated person's request for expungement of a customer complaint. The associated person Claimant asked his former firm to produce the settlement agreement. The firm objected on the basis of legal privilege. The sole FINRA Arbitrator slams Claimant and his counsel for not producing the settlement agreement. What's not clear is why the Arbitrator goes off on Claimant and his counsel. What's even more perplexing is why there's nary a word of criticism directed against the FINRA member firm.

Case In Point

In a FINRA Arbitration Statement of Claim filed in August 2018, associated person Claimant Morse sought the expungement of customer complaint Occurrences #1575175 and #16415460 from his Central Registration Depository record ("CRD"). Respondent B.C. Ziegler and Company did not oppose the requested expungement. In the Matter of the Arbitration Between William Gerard Morse, Claimant, v. B. C. Ziegler and Company, Respondent (FINRA Arbitraiton Decision 18-02942) 
http://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/aao_documents/18-02942.pdf

Getting Noticed

In January 2019, Claimant submitted:
  • an Affidavit of his attorney stating that the latter had exhausted all avenues from which to obtain information needed to serve the customer or the customer's son associated with Occurrence #1575175; and
  • copies of the notice of the expungement hearing sent to the two customers associated with Occurrence #1641560.
Somewhat Unsettling

No customers participated at the March 2019 expungement hearing. The sole FINRA Arbitrator found that Occurrence #1575175 did not involve a settlement and, accordingly, no settlement documents existed for review, As to Occurrence #1641560, the Arbitrator found that this complaint resulted in a settlement, and, in part, the FINRA Arbitration Decision states:

[T]he  Arbitrator ordered Claimant to submit a copy of the settlement agreement for the Arbitrator to review as a post-hearing submission. Claimant filed a post-hearing submission, citing Respondent's objections to Claimant's request for the settlement documents and indicating that, due to the parties' agreement, Claimant would not pursue a motion to compel to obtain the documents. The Arbitrator has determined as follows:

I am not persuaded there was good cause for not producing [the settlement agreement]. Claimant's counsel did request a copy of the agreement in discovery. That request was objected to on the grounds that the agreement was protected by a confidentiality agreement and the attorney-client and work product privileges. Claimant's counsel did not make a motion to compel, but rather accepted the assertions of confidentiality and privilege. Knowing that the FINRA Rules require the production of any settlement agreement in a proceeding seeking expungement, counsel's failure to pursue the issue is inexplicable. This is particularly so since the parties entered into a confidentiality agreement, which would have protected the confidentiality of the settlement agreement if produced, and required any party seeking greater protection than that provided by the parties' agreement to seek an order from the Arbitrator to provide additional protection. Further, the assertion by Claimant's counsel that the settlement agreement was beyond reach and not available for review in this case is belied by the fact that the settlement agreement apparently was produced in the related expungement case brought by AW, a case in which AW was represented by the same counsel who represents Claimant in this case. It is troublesome to say the least that counsel failed to produce the settlement agreement and thereby risked having Claimant's expungement case dismissed on procedural grounds for failure to comply with Rule 13805 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure ("the Code"). That said, I am not recommending dismissal of this case because the evidence indicates Claimant was not a party to the settlement agreement, did not participate in the negotiation of its terms, and did not contribute to the settlement. It was Respondent's agreement alone, and whatever issues there may be with the agreement would be solely Respondent's responsibility. Further, at my request Claimant's counsel produced the Award in the AW case and it is clear that the arbitrator there was satisfied the settlement agreement did not contain conditions in violation of FINRA Rule 2081. I am willing to accept that finding in this case.

Lost in the Shuffle: Claimant Asked but Respondent Objected

The Arbitrator questions whether Claimant Morse had demonstrated "good cause for not producing" the settlement agreement for Occurrence #1641560. Apparently, Respondent B. C. Ziegler objected to the settlement agreement's production  "on the grounds that the agreement was protected by a confidentiality agreement and the attorney-client and work product privileges." Somewhat lost in the Arbitrator's criticism of Claimant and his counsel's conduct is the key fact that Respondent objected to the production of the settlement agreement. In response to Respondent's objection, the Arbitrator concedes that Claimant's counsel had, in fact, requested the production of the settlement agreement. 

To reiterate: Claimant asked Respondent to produce. Respondent objected on the basis of privilege. That's a fairly standard scenario confronting many parties enmeshed in all sorts of litigation. It's why we have discovery and evidentiary rules. Notwithstanding the apparent Claimant-asked-and-Respondent-said-"no" scenario, the FINRA Arbitrator criticized Claimant's counsel's failure to make a Motion to Compel the production of the settlement agreement. Respectfully, I would remind the sole FINRA Arbitrator that FINRA is a member organization that requires non-member-associated-persons to arbitrate their intra-industry disputes before FINRA's arbitration forum. If, in fact, FINRA's Rules mandate the production of settlement agreements in expungement arbitrations as the Arbitrator asserts, then the onus for production of such agreements should first fall on a FINRA member firm. As the Arbitrator himself noted, member firm Respondent B. C. Ziegler objected to production of the settlement agreement on the grounds of confidentiality. There is NO suggestion that Claimant objected to said production. Additionally, the Arbitrator asserts that:

Further, the assertion by Claimant's counsel that the settlement agreement was beyond reach and not available for review in this case is belied by the fact that the settlement agreement apparently was produced in the related expungement case brought by AW, a case in which AW was represented by the same counsel who represents Claimant in this case. It is troublesome to say the least that counsel failed to produce the settlement agreement and thereby risked having Claimant's expungement case dismissed on procedural grounds for failure to comply with Rule 13805 of the Code of Arbitration Procedure ("the Code"). 

Respectfully, that rationale is unfair because Claimant had, in fact, requested production by Respondent of the settlement agreement. The breach of a confidentiality provision in a settlement agreement could have legal consequence replete with damages, costs, and fees. Moreover, it's hard to imagine a more amorphous statement than the Arbitrator's assertion that the settlement agreement was "apparently" produced in a "related" expungement case brought by an "AW." If the Arbitrator can only opine that the arbitration agreement was "apparently" produced, then I submit that such a declaration infers that the Arbitrator may not be fully familiar with the circumstances attendant to Respondent B.C. Ziegler's "apparent" production (if such actually occurred) and what, if any, restriction and/or limitations were imposed with said prior production in what is oddly referenced as a "related" case. The idea that there is a "related" expungement case brought by a different Claimant in a separate expungement arbitration is also a tad specious. No two Claimants can have the same expungement case because FINRA and the courts have stated that each such request must stand on its own two feet and that even in the example of two registered reps handling the same customer and the same trades, there may be conduct by one that requires more or different scrutiny than that of the other. 

Claimant NOT a Settlement Party

Notwithstanding the sole FINRA Arbitrator's lambasting of Claimant and his counsel's "good faith," the adjudicator concludes: 

That said, I am not recommending dismissal of this case because the evidence indicates Claimant was not a party to the settlement agreement, did not participate in the negotiation of its terms, and did not contribute to the settlement. It was Respondent's agreement alone, and whatever issues there may be with the agreement would be solely Respondent's responsibility. Further, at my request Claimant's counsel produced the Award in the AW case and it is clear that the arbitrator there was satisfied the settlement agreement did not contain conditions in violation of FINRA Rule 2081. I am willing to accept that finding in this case.

What the hell?  The Arbitrator worked himself into a froth over Claimant's non-production of a settlement agreement to which Claimant: 

was not a party to the settlement agreement, did not participate in the negotiation of its terms, and did not contribute to the settlement. 

In a bit of turnaround-is-fair-play, I would suggest that the Arbitrator's pursuit of the issue of Claimant's non-production of Respondent's settlement agreement is inexplicable. And it is all the more inexplicable when we learn that at the Arbitrator's "request Claimant's counsel produced the Award in the AW case and it is clear that the arbitrator there was satisfied the settlement agreement did not contain conditions in violation of FINRA Rule 2081." Movin' along, let's just say that the FINRA Arbitrator is an apparent disciple of famed Ohio State football coach Woody Hayes' philosophy of offense: "Three yards and a cloud of dust." Having gained his three yards amid a procedural dust cloud involving the production of a settlement agreement, the Arbitrator huddles up for his next play and, frankly, throws a touchdown when he recommends the requested expungement relief. So . . . all's well that ends well. 

Expungement of Occurrence #15575175 . . . or is that #1575175?

The FINRA Arbitration Decision notes in part that with respect to the unsettled "Occurrence Number 15575175, the Arbitrator has made the above Rule 2080 finding based on the following reasons. . ." The non-settled customer complaint is referenced in the Decision as "Occurrence Number 15575175" under the heading "AWARD" but elsewhere as "Occurrence Number 1575175." Regardless of that minor error, the Arbitrator makes a FINRA Rule 2080 finding that the customers' claim, allegation, or information is factually impossible or clearly erroneous and explains that:

According to the testimony of Claimant, which was credible throughout, the son of the customer called Claimant after business hours sometime in the fall of 2010 and left a voicemail message regarding the account of his mother, the customer, in which he asked who had authorized certain bond purchases in his mother's account. The son had no authority over his mother's account. The customer made all the trading decisions for the account, although Claimant understood that the customer often consulted with her son before making trades. There was no follow-up to the voicemail by either the son or the customer. The customer did not make a written or oral complaint or demand any compensation for losses in her account. After the voicemail, the customer continued to do business with Claimant for two more years. Respondent, Claimant's firm at the time, at first did not regard the telephone message as a customer complaint. Only after a FINRA examiner advised the firm to do so, was the voicemail reported as a customer complaint. Claimant testified the substance of the voicemail was a question, not a complaint. Moreover, according to FINRA's Form U4 and Form U5 Interpretive Questions and Answers, "an oral complaint by itself is not reportable under Question 14I(3)". Based on the entirety of Claimant's testimony and FINRA's Form U4 and Form U5 Interpretive Questions and Answers, the message left by the customer's son on Claimant's voicemail was not a reportable complaint and, therefore, the information reported to the CRD regarding the voicemail was "clearly erroneous." 

Expungement of Occurrence #1641560

Finally, as to settled Occurrence #1641560, the Arbitrator makes a FINRA Rule 2080 finding that Claimant Morse was not involved in the alleged investment-related sales practice violation, forgery, theft, misappropriation, or conversion of funds, and that:

According to the testimony of Claimant, which was credible throughout, the husband and wife (collectively "customers") opened an account with Claimant at Respondent in 1996. At the time, the customers were high net worth clients and their risk tolerance was high. Claimant was the representative for their account until 1997, when he went into management at Respondent. At that time, the customers' account was transferred to AW, another representative at Respondent. While the account was being handled exclusively by AW, the customers began investing in Erickson Retirement Communities STAMPS ("Erickson"), a completely subordinated and unsecured debt security. Claimant, because he was in management at the time, was not involved with the customers' first two purchases of these securities in 2003 and 2005, both of which paid interest in full and were redeemed at maturity. In 2006, Claimant left management and returned to representing Respondent's customers, going into partnership with AW. AW's book, at the time, included the customers (as well as others that Claimant serviced prior to becoming management). When Claimant partnered with AW, AW continued to be the representative primarily servicing the customers' account. In 2007, working only with AW, the customers reinvested in Erickson and increased their commitment from $100,000.00 to $200,000.00, which was about 3.4% of their portfolio. In 2009, the Erickson bonds defaulted and the customers lost their entire investment. In late 2012, the customers filed an arbitration claim against Respondent alone, claiming the Erickson investment was unsuitable for them. Neither Claimant nor AW was named as a respondent in the arbitration case. The arbitration claim was for $1,400,000.00, and ultimately was settled by Respondent for $90,000.00 and paid solely by Respondent. Claimant was not involved in the settlement negotiations and was not made a party to the settlement. Although there was credible evidence, by way of Claimant's testimony and some documentation, that the customers had a high net worth, at least a moderate tolerance for risk, and extensive investment experience, all of which could support the conclusion that the Erickson investment was suitable for them, I do not think a suitability determination can be made in this case where the issue was not, and could not be, fully tried. However, the evidence does support the conclusion that Claimant was not involved in the initial introduction of the Erickson securities to the customers or their decision to invest further in these securities in 2007. Although he was AW's partner, if there was a sales practice violation in the case of the customers' investment in Erickson, Claimant was not the violator. 



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